Audio configuration under Debian QEMU
This post describes how to use audio on aarch64 ARM under
qemu Debian Linux. It follows from Debian on ARM via QEMU
Start by booting QEMU.
$ qemu-system-aarch64 -M virt -cpu cortex-a53 -m 1G -initrd initrd.img-4.19.0-16-arm64 \
-kernel vmlinuz-4.19.0-16-arm64 -append "root=/dev/vda2 console=ttyAMA0" \
-drive if=virtio,file=debian-3607-aarch64.qcow2,format=qcow2,id=hd \
-net user,hostfwd=tcp::10022-:22 -net nic -nographic -device intel-hda -device hda-duplex&
Rather than login directly, I prefer to ssh to the QEMU machine so I can run Xwindows.
$ ssh -Y elec3607@localhost -p 10022
You can also copy files to it.
scp -P 10022 -r lab5-audio elec3607@localhost:
Install the alsa and pulseaudio.
$ sudo apt install libasound2 libasound2-plugins libasound2-doc alsa-utils pulseaudio pavucontrol paprefs libpulse-dev libcanberra-gtk-dev
$ sudo usermod -aG audio,pulse,pulse-access elec3607
Then you have to log out and log in again.
$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: Generic Analog [Generic Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
$ pulseaudio --start
$ pactl info
Server String: /run/user/1000/pulse/native
Library Protocol Version: 32
Server Protocol Version: 32
Is Local: yes
Client Index: 2
Tile Size: 65472
User Name: elec3607
Host Name: debian
Server Name: pulseaudio
Server Version: 12.2
Default Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
Default Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Default Sink: alsa_output.platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000_00_02.0.analog-stereo
Default Source: alsa_input.platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000_00_02.0.analog-stereo
Cookie: 1295:3f1d
Then you can start it up via systemctl.
$ systemctl --user enable pulseaudio
$ systemctl --user start pulseaudio
Job for pulseaudio.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl --user status pulseaudio.service" and "journalctl --user -xe" for details.
$ sudo shutdown -r now
Wait for everything to come back up and login again via ssh
$ systemctl --user status pulseaudio
● pulseaudio.service - Sound Service
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/pulseaudio.service; enabled; vendor pre
Active: active (running) since Sat 2021-04-10 15:59:48 AEST; 4s ago
Main PID: 336 (pulseaudio)
CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/pulseaudio.service
├─336 /usr/bin/pulseaudio --daemonize=no
└─357 /usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/pulse/gsettings-helper
Now edit /etc/pulse/default.pa and append the line:
load-module module-null-sink sink_name=MySink format=s16le channels=1 rate=12000
We can restart the daemon and configure with.
$ systemctl --user restart pulseaudio
$ pacmd list-sinks
2 sink(s) available.
* index: 0
name: <alsa_output.platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000_00_02.0.analog-stereo>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY FLAT_VOLUME DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: IDLE
suspend cause: (none)
priority: 9039
volume: front-left: 30419 / 46% / -20.00 dB, front-right: 30419 / 46% / -20.00 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 1283.09 ms
max request: 344 KiB
max rewind: 344 KiB
monitor source: 0
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 2000.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms
card: 0 <alsa_card.platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000_00_02.0>
module: 6
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "Generic Analog"
alsa.id = "Generic Analog"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel at 0x10040000 irq 50"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000:00:02.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/4010000000.pcie/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "2668"
device.product.name = "82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) High Definition Audio Controller (QEMU Virtual Machine)"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "front:0"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "352800"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "176400"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
alsa.mixer_name = "QEMU Generic"
alsa.components = "HDA:1af40022,1af40022,00100101"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
ports:
analog-output-lineout: Line Out (priority 9900, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
active port: <analog-output-lineout>
index: 1
name: <MySink>
driver: <module-null-sink.c>
flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY FLAT_VOLUME DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: IDLE
suspend cause: (none)
priority: 1000
volume: mono: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 1576.69 ms
max request: 46 KiB
max rewind: 46 KiB
monitor source: 2
sample spec: s16le 1ch 12000Hz
channel map: mono
Mono
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 2000.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms
module: 20
properties:
device.description = "Null Output"
device.class = "abstract"
device.icon_name = "audio-card"
$ pacmd list-sources
3 source(s) available.
index: 0
name: <alsa_output.platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000_00_02.0.analog-stereo.monitor>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: SUSPENDED
suspend cause: IDLE
priority: 1030
volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB, front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0.00 ms
max rewind: 0 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 0.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms
monitor_of: 0
card: 0 <alsa_card.platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000_00_02.0>
module: 6
properties:
device.description = "Monitor of Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
device.class = "monitor"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel at 0x10040000 irq 50"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000:00:02.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/4010000000.pcie/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "2668"
device.product.name = "82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) High Definition Audio Controller (QEMU Virtual Machine)"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "0"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
* index: 1
name: <alsa_input.platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000_00_02.0.analog-stereo>
driver: <module-alsa-card.c>
flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: SUSPENDED
suspend cause: IDLE
priority: 9039
volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB, front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0.00 ms
max rewind: 0 KiB
sample spec: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
channel map: front-left,front-right
Stereo
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 0.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms
card: 0 <alsa_card.platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000_00_02.0>
module: 6
properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "Generic Analog"
alsa.id = "Generic Analog"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel at 0x10040000 irq 50"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "platform-4010000000.pcie-pci-0000:00:02.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/platform/4010000000.pcie/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "2668"
device.product.name = "82801FB/FBM/FR/FW/FRW (ICH6 Family) High Definition Audio Controller (QEMU Virtual Machine)"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "front:0"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "352800"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "176400"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
alsa.mixer_name = "QEMU Generic"
alsa.components = "HDA:1af40022,1af40022,00100101"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
ports:
analog-input-linein: Line In (priority 8100, latency offset 0 usec, available: unknown)
properties:
active port: <analog-input-linein>
index: 2
name: <MySink.monitor>
driver: <module-null-sink.c>
flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY DYNAMIC_LATENCY
state: SUSPENDED
suspend cause: IDLE
priority: 1000
volume: mono: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
balance 0.00
base volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
volume steps: 65537
muted: no
current latency: 0.00 ms
max rewind: 46 KiB
sample spec: s16le 1ch 12000Hz
channel map: mono
Mono
used by: 0
linked by: 0
configured latency: 0.00 ms; range is 0.50 .. 2000.00 ms
monitor_of: 1
module: 20
properties:
device.description = "Monitor of Null Output"
device.class = "monitor"
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
The Volume Control program allows you to monitor what sources and sinks are available. If you play something and run pavucontrol.
$ paplay iq-16b.wav&
$ pavucontrol&
- In the Configuration tab, select Off as the Built-in Audio profile
- If you look at Input Devices and Show: All Input Devices, you should only see Monitor of Null Output and the meter should indicate something is playing.
- If you look at Output Devices and Show: All Output Devices, you should only see Null Output and the meter should indicate something is playing. `
If you play a file in the background, you can decode it.
$ paplay data/iq-16b.wav &
$ wsprcan/k9an-wsprd
Writing data/wf-1618037425.wav
mode -1 -3.1 0.001437 -3 VK2RG QF56 30
mode -19 -2.9 0.001455 -2 VK3GOD QF23 23
mode -21 -2.9 0.001478 -2 VK4YEH QG62 37
<DecodeFinished,data/wf-1618037425.wav,3>
[3]+ Done paplay data/iq-16b.wav
Other useful tools include:
- Firefox and audacity packages are useful but run too slow on QEMU.
sudo apt install firefox-esr audacity - PulseAudio Preferences can be used to configure the network.
$ paprefs- Under the Network Access tab, select “Make discoverable PulseAudio network sound devices available locally”
- Under the Network Server tab, select “Enable network access to local sound devices” and “Don’t require authentication”
If you go to a websdr in Firefox, you can route the audio to your machine.
$ firefox http://websdr1.sdrutah.org:8901/index1a.html?tune=7038.6usb &
Unfortunately, this doesn’t run fast enough under QEMU to work on wspr decoding but it does under native x86 Linux.
